Preoperational Stage

The preoperational stage, is the second stage of cognitive development. Usually it is present between the 2nd and 7th age of an infant. In this stage the child is yet not ready to make reversivle mental actions or any operations. There are different characteristics of the preoperational stage, which I'm gonna explain you know :))

Characteristics of the Preoperational Stage.

1)Inability to fully distinguish between appearance/reality
This characteristic means that children in this stage are not able to differentiate whether the imaginated things and ideas are reality or not.
For example: a little child believes that a creepy monster is living in its wardrobe and because of this it is afraid to sleep in this room.

2)Transductive logic
Children in a preoperational stage make associations between 2 unrelated actions when they occured randomly together. As an example the mother makes a phonecall afterwards she leaves the house to buy for groceries. The child thinks that its mother leaves the house because of the phone call although both aspects are not related to each other.

3)Animism
To animate means to make sth.alive
The idea of animism is that children give an inanimated object animate characteristics of living objects. As an example the sun is smiling, or the door is mean it hurt me let's hit him so he gets hurt too.

4)Conservation
-centration: This concept means that children only focus on 1 aspect. to give this idea an example I put a video for you..

-furthermore children can not comprehend reversible actions, like the video example when the mother tries to show its son that the amount of water is the same...



5)Artificialism
Thıs means that children think that natural occurances are human made. As an example the child think that clouds, the sun, the mountains are all made by human.

6)Egocentrism
In the preoperational stage the child is not able to see from another person's perspective.
For instance the three mountain test

Here is a video to comprehend the idea more efficiently: