Mind and Memory

Mind and Memory do take an important in the preoperational stage.

*Theory of Mind*
The theory of mind usually occurs at 4 years of age. It concludes the idea of the ability to correctly infer the contents of someone elses mind. The reason why it is called as a theory is because the contents of this idea are not directly observable.
As an example the Sally-Anne Test or  in other words the false belief test shows the idea of the theroy of mind.Let's take a look at a video on the false belief test

These children did not developed the theory of mind yet.


On the other hand these child developed the theory of mind.


Important to mention is that autistic children have deficits with this theory, this may be also the reason for their difficulties for understanding and interactions with other. Here is a video of the Sally-Anne Test with an autistic child..



*Memory*
About the memory is to say that the memory of infants, in the preoperational stage, improve their memory dramatically. There are different steps to do so:
1)Recall/Recognition-> remembering with retrieval cues
   -> that means remembering something without cues!
2)Autobiographical memories emerge
3)memories best for familiar items/events
4) Short-term memory and Working memory develop
5)Attention improves